This change enables Flutter to generate multiple Scenes to be rendered into separate FlutterViews from a single widget tree. Each Scene is described by a separate render tree, which are all associated with the single widget tree.
This PR implements the framework-side mechanisms to describe the content to be rendered into multiple views. Separate engine-side changes are necessary to provide these views to the framework and to draw the framework-generated Scene into them.
## Summary of changes
The details of this change are described in [flutter.dev/go/multiple-views](https://flutter.dev/go/multiple-views). Below is a high-level summary organized by layers.
### Rendering layer changes
* The `RendererBinding` no longer owns a single `renderView`. In fact, it doesn't OWN any `RenderView`s at all anymore. Instead, it offers an API (`addRenderView`/`removeRenderView`) to add and remove `RenderView`s that then will be MANAGED by the binding. The `RenderView` itself is now owned by a higher-level abstraction (e.g. the `RawView` Element of the widgets layer, see below), who is also in charge of adding it to the binding. When added, the binding will interact with the `RenderView` to produce a frame (e.g. by calling `compositeFrame` on it) and to perform hit tests for incoming pointer events. Multiple `RenderView`s can be added to the binding (typically one per `FlutterView`) to produce multiple Scenes.
* Instead of owning a single `pipelineOwner`, the `RendererBinding` now owns the root of the `PipelineOwner` tree (exposed as `rootPipelineOwner` on the binding). Each `PipelineOwner` in that tree (except for the root) typically manages its own render tree typically rooted in one of the `RenderView`s mentioned in the previous bullet. During frame production, the binding will instruct each `PipelineOwner` of that tree to flush layout, paint, semantics etc. A higher-level abstraction (e.g. the widgets layer, see below) is in charge of adding `PipelineOwner`s to this tree.
* Backwards compatibility: The old `renderView` and `pipelineOwner` properties of the `RendererBinding` are retained, but marked as deprecated. Care has been taken to keep their original behavior for the deprecation period, i.e. if you just call `runApp`, the render tree bootstrapped by this call is rooted in the deprecated `RendererBinding.renderView` and managed by the deprecated `RendererBinding.pipelineOwner`.
### Widgets layer changes
* The `WidgetsBinding` no longer attaches the widget tree to an existing render tree. Instead, it bootstraps a stand-alone widget tree that is not backed by a render tree. For this, `RenderObjectToWidgetAdapter` has been replaced by `RootWidget`.
* Multiple render trees can be bootstrapped and attached to the widget tree with the help of the `View` widget, which internally is backed by a `RawView` widget. Configured with a `FlutterView` to render into, the `RawView` creates a new `PipelineOwner` and a new `RenderView` for the new render tree. It adds the new `RenderView` to the `RendererBinding` and its `PipelineOwner` to the pipeline owner tree.
* The `View` widget can only appear in certain well-defined locations in the widget tree since it bootstraps a new render tree and does not insert a `RenderObject` into an ancestor. However, almost all Elements expect that their children insert `RenderObject`s, otherwise they will not function properly. To produce a good error message when the `View` widget is used in an illegal location, the `debugMustInsertRenderObjectIntoSlot` method has been added to Element, where a child can ask whether a given slot must insert a RenderObject into its ancestor or not. In practice, the `View` widget can be used as a child of the `RootWidget`, inside the `view` slot of the `ViewAnchor` (see below) and inside a `ViewCollection` (see below). In those locations, the `View` widget may be wrapped in other non-RenderObjectWidgets (e.g. InheritedWidgets).
* The new `ViewAnchor` can be used to create a side-view inside a parent `View`. The `child` of the `ViewAnchor` widget renders into the parent `View` as usual, but the `view` slot can take on another `View` widget, which has access to all inherited widgets above the `ViewAnchor`. Metaphorically speaking, the view is anchored to the location of the `ViewAnchor` in the widget tree.
* The new `ViewCollection` widget allows for multiple sibling views as it takes a list of `View`s as children. It can be used in all the places that accept a `View` widget.
## Google3
As of July 5, 2023 this change passed a TAP global presubmit (TGP) in google3: tap/OCL:544707016:BASE:545809771:1688597935864:e43dd651
## Note to reviewers
This change is big (sorry). I suggest focusing the initial review on the changes inside of `packages/flutter` first. The majority of the changes describe above are implemented in (listed in suggested review order):
* `rendering/binding.dart`
* `widgets/binding.dart`
* `widgets/view.dart`
* `widgets/framework.dart`
All other changes included in the PR are basically the fallout of what's implemented in those files. Also note that a lot of the lines added in this PR are documentation and tests.
I am also very happy to walk reviewers through the code in person or via video call, if that is helpful.
I appreciate any feedback.
## Feedback to address before submitting ("TODO")
* Revert "Remove references to BindingBase.window (#122119)"
This reverts commit c7681f00cf.
* Revert "Remove another reference to BindingBase.window (#122341)"
This reverts commit 6ec4445063.
* Revert "Reland (2): Removes single window assumptions from `flutter_test` (#122233)"
This reverts commit eb3d317ea0.
* Revert "Remove single view assumption from TestViewConfiguration (#122352)"
This reverts commit 927289fb4e.
* Revert "Updates `flutter/test/cupertino` to no longer use `TestWindow` (#122325)"
This reverts commit 67e17e45f0.
* Revert "Updates `flutter/test/gestures` to no longer reference `TestWindow` (#122327)"
This reverts commit c2a5111cc0.
* Revert "Updates `flutter/test/rendering` to no longer use `TestWindow` (#122347)"
This reverts commit 28b65e089b.
* Revert "Updates `flutter_localizations/test` to stop using `TestWindow` (#122321)"
This reverts commit 01367d52d7.
* Update project.pbxproj files to say Flutter rather than Chromium
Also, the templates now have an empty organization so that we don't cause people to give their apps a Flutter copyright.
* Update the copyright notice checker to require a standard notice on all files
* Update copyrights on Dart files. (This was a mechanical commit.)
* Fix weird license headers on Dart files that deviate from our conventions; relicense Shrine.
Some were already marked "The Flutter Authors", not clear why. Their
dates have been normalized. Some were missing the blank line after the
license. Some were randomly different in trivial ways for no apparent
reason (e.g. missing the trailing period).
* Clean up the copyrights in non-Dart files. (Manual edits.)
Also, make sure templates don't have copyrights.
* Fix some more ORGANIZATIONNAMEs
This is a re-land of #31561, after fixing performance regressions.
Added change listening to the MouseTracker so that the Listener and tooltip can react to whether or not a mouse is connected at all. Added a change check to make sure Listener only repaints when something changed.
Fixes#22817
The main purpose of this PR is to make it so that when you set the
initial route and it's a hierarchical route (e.g. `/a/b/c`), it
implies multiple pushes, one for each step of the route (so in that
case, `/`, `/a`, `/a/b`, and `/a/b/c`, in that order). If any of those
routes don't exist, it falls back to '/'.
As part of doing that, I:
* Changed the default for MaterialApp.initialRoute to honor the
actual initial route.
* Added a MaterialApp.onUnknownRoute for handling bad routes.
* Added a feature to flutter_driver that allows the host test script
and the device test app to communicate.
* Added a test to make sure `flutter drive --route` works.
(Hopefully that will also prove `flutter run --route` works, though
this isn't testing the `flutter` tool's side of that. My main
concern is over whether the engine side works.)
* Fixed `flutter drive` to output the right target file name.
* Changed how the stocks app represents its data, so that we can
show a page for a stock before we know if it exists.
* Made it possible to show a stock page that doesn't exist. It shows
a progress indicator if we're loading the data, or else shows a
message saying it doesn't exist.
* Changed the pathing structure of routes in stocks to work more
sanely.
* Made search in the stocks app actually work (before it only worked
if we happened to accidentally trigger a rebuild). Added a test.
* Replaced some custom code in the stocks app with a BackButton.
* Added a "color" feature to BackButton to support the stocks use case.
* Spaced out the ErrorWidget text a bit more.
* Added `RouteSettings.copyWith`, which I ended up not using.
* Improved the error messages around routing.
While I was in some files I made a few formatting fixes, fixed some
code health issues, and also removed `flaky: true` from some devicelab
tests that have been stable for a while. Also added some documentation
here and there.
* Manually fix every use of Point.x and Point.y
Some of these were moved to dx/dy, but not all.
* Manually convert uses of the old gradient API
* Remove old reference to Point.
* Mechanical changes
I applied the following at the root of the Flutter repository:
git ls-files -z | xargs -0 sed -i 's/\bPoint[.]origin\b/Offset.zero/g'
git ls-files -z | xargs -0 sed -i 's/\bPoint[.]lerp\b/Offset.lerp/g'
git ls-files -z | xargs -0 sed -i 's/\bnew Point\b/new Offset/g'
git ls-files -z | xargs -0 sed -i 's/\bconst Point\b/const Offset/g'
git ls-files -z | xargs -0 sed -i 's/\bstatic Point /static Offset /g'
git ls-files -z | xargs -0 sed -i 's/\bfinal Point /final Offset /g'
git ls-files -z | xargs -0 sed -i 's/^\( *\)Point /\1Offset /g'
git ls-files -z | xargs -0 sed -i 's/ui[.]Point\b/ui.Offset/g'
git ls-files -z | xargs -0 sed -i 's/(Point\b/(Offset/g'
git ls-files -z | xargs -0 sed -i 's/\([[{,]\) Point\b/\1 Offset/g'
git ls-files -z | xargs -0 sed -i 's/@required Point\b/@required Offset/g'
git ls-files -z | xargs -0 sed -i 's/<Point>/<Offset>/g'
git ls-files -z | xargs -0 sed -i 's/[.]toOffset()//g'
git ls-files -z | xargs -0 sed -i 's/[.]toPoint()//g'
git ls-files -z | xargs -0 sed -i 's/\bshow Point, /show /g'
git ls-files -z | xargs -0 sed -i 's/\bshow Point;/show Offset;/g'
* Mechanical changes - dartdocs
I applied the following at the root of the Flutter repository:
git ls-files -z | xargs -0 sed -i 's/\ba \[Point\]/an [Offset]/g'
git ls-files -z | xargs -0 sed -i 's/\[Point\]/[Offset]/g'
* Further improvements and a test
* Fix minor errors from rebasing...
* Roll engine
* Fix tests to use Ahem, and helpful changes around that
- Fix fonts that had metric-specific behaviours.
- LiveTestWidgetsFlutterBinding.allowAllFrames has been renamed
to LiveTestWidgetsFlutterBinding.framePolicy.
- LiveTestWidgetsFlutterBinding now defaults to using a frame policy
that pumps slightly more frames, to animate the pointer crosshairs.
- Added "flutter run --use-test-fonts" to enable Ahem on devices.
- Changed how idle() works to be more effective in live mode.
- Display the test name in live mode (unless ahem fonts are enabled).
- Added a toString to TextSelectionPoint.
- Style nit fixes.
* Roll engine to get Ahem changes.
* Update tests for dartdoc changes.
* Fix flutter_tools tests
* Return null from VM.mainView if no view exists
* Retry in connectToServiceProtocol if a view is not yet available
* Do not explicitly call exit from the benchmarks - it will not cleanly shut down the engine
- output single-line JSON because iOS 9.x cannot output more than one line
- move the workaround for #7433 into LiveTestWidgetsFlutterBinding so that it works in all cases (e.g. animation_bench.dart on iOS)
