1) Moved basic utility code into base/ directory to make it clear which code
doesn't depend on Flutter-specific knowldge.
2) Move the CommandRunner subclasses into a runner/ directory because these
aren't commands themselves.
This patch makes `flutter start` work without a clone of the engine git
repository. Making this work pulled a relatively large refactor of how the
commands interact with application packages and devices. Now commands that want
to interact with application packages or devices inherit from a common base
class that holds stores of those objects as members.
In production, the commands download and connect to devices based on the build
configuration stored on the FlutterCommandRunner. In testing, these fields are
used to mock out the real application package and devices.
