Introduces a new Dart analysis wrapper that works directly with the analyzer API (in favor of shelling out to a separate process).
Some consequences:
* we no longer need to fear parts (simplifying our dart file gathering)
* we can filter by error code (when needed), rather than by error strings
* no more IO scraping
* no need to generate `main()` or to run with `--package-warnings`
* we now specify an analyzer (and linter) version in the pubspec (we’ll want to make sure this doesn’t diverge too far from the analyzer shipped with the SDK but it does give us some room to play with experimental builds)
* no more (re)scanning of error source files (and so no more source cache)
* should generally be a bit simpler and easier to maintain
* runs a bit faster :)
Now that we don't require the Dart SDK to be in your path, it's hard to run
./dev/update_packages.dart. Instead, you can now run `flutter update-packages`.
Fixes#1906
