Fixes https://github.com/flutter/flutter/issues/153777.
To summarize that issue, `ErrorHandlingFileSystem.systemTempDirectory` calls [`LocalFileSystem.systemTempDirectory`](45c8881eb2/packages/flutter_tools/lib/src/base/file_system.dart (L229)), which makes a `Directory.createSync` call, which can throw exceptions that _should_ be handled and result in a graceful tool exit (e.g. insufficient storage). However, we aren't catching those, hence this issue.
All we need to do is wrap that call with the `FileSystemException`-handling logic we already have in the tool. See the diff.
I don't think I'll be cherry-picking this since 1) it's not an extremely common crash and 2) users can probably pick apart the crash message and figure out that they need to clear some storage space to proceed.
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