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This change enables Flutter to generate multiple Scenes to be rendered into separate FlutterViews from a single widget tree. Each Scene is described by a separate render tree, which are all associated with the single widget tree. This PR implements the framework-side mechanisms to describe the content to be rendered into multiple views. Separate engine-side changes are necessary to provide these views to the framework and to draw the framework-generated Scene into them. ## Summary of changes The details of this change are described in [flutter.dev/go/multiple-views](https://flutter.dev/go/multiple-views). Below is a high-level summary organized by layers. ### Rendering layer changes * The `RendererBinding` no longer owns a single `renderView`. In fact, it doesn't OWN any `RenderView`s at all anymore. Instead, it offers an API (`addRenderView`/`removeRenderView`) to add and remove `RenderView`s that then will be MANAGED by the binding. The `RenderView` itself is now owned by a higher-level abstraction (e.g. the `RawView` Element of the widgets layer, see below), who is also in charge of adding it to the binding. When added, the binding will interact with the `RenderView` to produce a frame (e.g. by calling `compositeFrame` on it) and to perform hit tests for incoming pointer events. Multiple `RenderView`s can be added to the binding (typically one per `FlutterView`) to produce multiple Scenes. * Instead of owning a single `pipelineOwner`, the `RendererBinding` now owns the root of the `PipelineOwner` tree (exposed as `rootPipelineOwner` on the binding). Each `PipelineOwner` in that tree (except for the root) typically manages its own render tree typically rooted in one of the `RenderView`s mentioned in the previous bullet. During frame production, the binding will instruct each `PipelineOwner` of that tree to flush layout, paint, semantics etc. A higher-level abstraction (e.g. the widgets layer, see below) is in charge of adding `PipelineOwner`s to this tree. * Backwards compatibility: The old `renderView` and `pipelineOwner` properties of the `RendererBinding` are retained, but marked as deprecated. Care has been taken to keep their original behavior for the deprecation period, i.e. if you just call `runApp`, the render tree bootstrapped by this call is rooted in the deprecated `RendererBinding.renderView` and managed by the deprecated `RendererBinding.pipelineOwner`. ### Widgets layer changes * The `WidgetsBinding` no longer attaches the widget tree to an existing render tree. Instead, it bootstraps a stand-alone widget tree that is not backed by a render tree. For this, `RenderObjectToWidgetAdapter` has been replaced by `RootWidget`. * Multiple render trees can be bootstrapped and attached to the widget tree with the help of the `View` widget, which internally is backed by a `RawView` widget. Configured with a `FlutterView` to render into, the `RawView` creates a new `PipelineOwner` and a new `RenderView` for the new render tree. It adds the new `RenderView` to the `RendererBinding` and its `PipelineOwner` to the pipeline owner tree. * The `View` widget can only appear in certain well-defined locations in the widget tree since it bootstraps a new render tree and does not insert a `RenderObject` into an ancestor. However, almost all Elements expect that their children insert `RenderObject`s, otherwise they will not function properly. To produce a good error message when the `View` widget is used in an illegal location, the `debugMustInsertRenderObjectIntoSlot` method has been added to Element, where a child can ask whether a given slot must insert a RenderObject into its ancestor or not. In practice, the `View` widget can be used as a child of the `RootWidget`, inside the `view` slot of the `ViewAnchor` (see below) and inside a `ViewCollection` (see below). In those locations, the `View` widget may be wrapped in other non-RenderObjectWidgets (e.g. InheritedWidgets). * The new `ViewAnchor` can be used to create a side-view inside a parent `View`. The `child` of the `ViewAnchor` widget renders into the parent `View` as usual, but the `view` slot can take on another `View` widget, which has access to all inherited widgets above the `ViewAnchor`. Metaphorically speaking, the view is anchored to the location of the `ViewAnchor` in the widget tree. * The new `ViewCollection` widget allows for multiple sibling views as it takes a list of `View`s as children. It can be used in all the places that accept a `View` widget. ## Google3 As of July 5, 2023 this change passed a TAP global presubmit (TGP) in google3: tap/OCL:544707016:BASE:545809771:1688597935864:e43dd651 ## Note to reviewers This change is big (sorry). I suggest focusing the initial review on the changes inside of `packages/flutter` first. The majority of the changes describe above are implemented in (listed in suggested review order): * `rendering/binding.dart` * `widgets/binding.dart` * `widgets/view.dart` * `widgets/framework.dart` All other changes included in the PR are basically the fallout of what's implemented in those files. Also note that a lot of the lines added in this PR are documentation and tests. I am also very happy to walk reviewers through the code in person or via video call, if that is helpful. I appreciate any feedback. ## Feedback to address before submitting ("TODO")
118 lines
3.9 KiB
Dart
118 lines
3.9 KiB
Dart
// Copyright 2014 The Flutter Authors. All rights reserved.
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// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
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// found in the LICENSE file.
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import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
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import 'package:flutter/rendering.dart';
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import '../rendering/src/solid_color_box.dart';
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// Solid color, RenderObject version
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void addFlexChildSolidColor(RenderFlex parent, Color backgroundColor, { int flex = 0 }) {
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final RenderSolidColorBox child = RenderSolidColorBox(backgroundColor);
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parent.add(child);
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final FlexParentData childParentData = child.parentData! as FlexParentData;
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childParentData.flex = flex;
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}
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// Solid color, Widget version
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class Rectangle extends StatelessWidget {
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const Rectangle(this.color, { super.key });
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final Color color;
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@override
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Widget build(BuildContext context) {
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return Expanded(
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child: Container(
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color: color,
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),
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);
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}
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}
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double? value;
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RenderObjectToWidgetElement<RenderBox>? element;
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void attachWidgetTreeToRenderTree(RenderProxyBox container) {
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element = RenderObjectToWidgetAdapter<RenderBox>(
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container: container,
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child: Directionality(
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textDirection: TextDirection.ltr,
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child: SizedBox(
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height: 300.0,
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child: Column(
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mainAxisAlignment: MainAxisAlignment.spaceBetween,
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children: <Widget>[
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const Rectangle(Color(0xFF00FFFF)),
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Material(
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child: Container(
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padding: const EdgeInsets.all(10.0),
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margin: const EdgeInsets.all(10.0),
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child: Row(
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mainAxisAlignment: MainAxisAlignment.spaceAround,
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children: <Widget>[
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ElevatedButton(
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child: const Row(
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children: <Widget>[
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FlutterLogo(),
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Text('PRESS ME'),
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],
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),
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onPressed: () {
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value = value == null ? 0.1 : (value! + 0.1) % 1.0;
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attachWidgetTreeToRenderTree(container);
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},
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),
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CircularProgressIndicator(value: value),
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],
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),
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),
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),
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const Rectangle(Color(0xFFFFFF00)),
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],
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),
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),
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),
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).attachToRenderTree(WidgetsBinding.instance.buildOwner!, element);
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}
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Duration? timeBase;
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late RenderTransform transformBox;
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void rotate(Duration timeStamp) {
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timeBase ??= timeStamp;
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final double delta = (timeStamp - timeBase!).inMicroseconds.toDouble() / Duration.microsecondsPerSecond; // radians
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transformBox.setIdentity();
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transformBox.rotateZ(delta);
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WidgetsBinding.instance.buildOwner!.buildScope(element!);
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}
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void main() {
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final WidgetsBinding binding = WidgetsFlutterBinding.ensureInitialized();
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final RenderProxyBox proxy = RenderProxyBox();
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attachWidgetTreeToRenderTree(proxy);
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final RenderFlex flexRoot = RenderFlex(direction: Axis.vertical);
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addFlexChildSolidColor(flexRoot, const Color(0xFFFF00FF), flex: 1);
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flexRoot.add(proxy);
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addFlexChildSolidColor(flexRoot, const Color(0xFF0000FF), flex: 1);
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transformBox = RenderTransform(child: flexRoot, transform: Matrix4.identity(), alignment: Alignment.center);
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final RenderPadding root = RenderPadding(padding: const EdgeInsets.all(80.0), child: transformBox);
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// TODO(goderbauer): Create a window if embedder doesn't provide an implicit view to draw into.
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assert(binding.platformDispatcher.implicitView != null);
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final RenderView view = RenderView(
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view: binding.platformDispatcher.implicitView!,
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child: root,
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);
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final PipelineOwner pipelineOwner = PipelineOwner()..rootNode = view;
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binding.rootPipelineOwner.adoptChild(pipelineOwner);
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binding.addRenderView(view);
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view.prepareInitialFrame();
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binding.addPersistentFrameCallback(rotate);
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}
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